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- The
Globalizers :
Development
Workers in
Action (Johns
Hopkins
Studies in
Globalization): (15 August
2005)Using
Honduras as a
case study,
Jeffrey T.
Jackson
illuminates
the processes
by which
wealthy
western
countries
target
countries in
Latin America,
Asia, Africa,
and the Middle
East for
political
economic
construction,
or nation
building. In
the process,
he draws a
provocative
connection
between the
efforts of
international
development
workers and
the emergence
of global
governance.
Jackson
examines the
significant
roles played
by
international
development
workers --
"the
globalizers"
-- operating
in Honduras
over the past
thirty years,
particularly
in the
troubled
construction
of the El
Cajón
hydroelectric
dam, the
creation of
maquiladoras ,
and the
multinational
relief,
recovery, and
reconstruction
efforts
following
Hurricane
Mitch.He finds
in the
international
development
community a
close-knit
coalition of
policy makers
who have
inserted
themselves
into the local
political
process and
pushed the
Honduran
nation-state
to conform to
international
norms and
integrate into
a
transnational
structure of
governance.Jac
kson examines
the mechanisms
of power at
the disposal
of these
development
organizations,
the expertise
of those
administering
development
aid, the
agency of
development
workers, and
the benefits
that accrue to
donor
countries. In
doing so he
makes a
persuasive
connection
between nation
building and
global
governance --
raising
important
questions
about whose
nations are
being built
and why.
Source: (15 August 2005) - Confessions of
an Economic
Hit Man: (09 November
2004)John
Perkins
started and
stopped
writing
Confessions of
an Economic
Hit Man four
times over 20
years. He says
he was
threatened and
bribed in an
effort to kill
the project,
but after 9/11
he finally
decided to go
through with
this expose of
his former
professional
life. Perkins,
a former chief
economist at
Boston
strategic-cons
ulting firm
Chas. T. Main,
says he was an
"economic hit
man" for 10
years, helping
U.S.
intelligence
agencies and
multinationals
cajole and
blackmail
foreign
leaders into
serving U.S.
foreign policy
and awarding
lucrative
contracts to
American
business.
"Economic hit
men (EHMs) are
highly paid
professionals
who cheat
countries
around the
globe out of
trillions of
dollars,"
Perkins
writes.
Confessions of
an Economic
Hit Man is an
extraordinary
and gripping
tale of
intrigue and
dark
machinations.
Think John Le
Carré, except
it's a true
story. Perkins
writes that
his economic
projections
cooked the
books
Enron-style to
convince
foreign
governments to
accept
billions of
dollars of
loans from the
World Bank and
other
institutions
to build dams,
airports,
electric
grids, and
other
infrastructure
he knew they
couldn't
afford. The
loans were
given on
condition that
construction
and
engineering
contracts went
to U.S.
companies.
Often, the
money would
simply be
transferred
from one bank
account in
Washington,
D.C., to
another one in
New York or
San Francisco.
The deals were
smoothed over
with bribes
for foreign
officials, but
it was the
taxpayers in
the foreign
countries who
had to pay
back the
loans. When
their
governments
couldn't do
so, as was
often the
case, the U.S.
or its
henchmen at
the World Bank
or
International
Monetary Fund
would step in
and
essentially
place the
country in
trusteeship,
dictating
everything
from its
spending
budget to
security
agreements and
even its
United Nations
votes. It was,
Perkins
writes, a
clever way for
the U.S. to
expand its
"empire" at
the expense of
Third World
citizens.
While at times
he seems a
little overly
focused on
conspiracies,
perhaps that's
not surprising
considering
the life he's
led. --Alex
Roslin
Confessions of
an Economic
Hit Man
reveals a game
that,
according to
John Perkins,
is "as old as
Empire" but
has taken on
new and
terrifying
dimensions in
an era of
globalization.
And Perkins
should know.
For many years
he worked for
an
international
consulting
firm where his
main job was
to convince
LDCs (less
developed
countries)
around the
world to
accept
multibillion-d
ollar loans
for
infrastructure
projects and
to see to it
that most of
this money
ended up at
Halliburton,
Bechtel, Brown
and Root, and
other United
States
engineering
and
construction
companies.
This book,
which many
people warned
Perkins not to
write, is a
blistering
attack on a
little-known
phenomenon
that has had
dire
consequences
on both the
victimized
countries and
the U.S.
Source: (09 November 2004) - The
Economist's
Tale : A
Consultant
Encounters
Hunger and the
World Bank: (17 September
2003)What
really happens
when the World
Bank imposes
its policies
on a country?
This is an
insider's view
of one
aid-made
crisis. Peter
Griffiths was
at the
interface
between
government and
the Bank. In
this
day-by-day
account of a
mission he
undertook in
Sierra Leone
in 1986, he
tells the
story of how
the World
Bank, obsessed
with the free
market,
imposed a
secret
agreement on
the
government,
banning all
government
food imports
or subsidies.
This is a rare
and important
portrait of
the aid world
which insiders
will
recognize, but
of which the
general public
seldom gets a
glimpse.
Source: (17 September 2003) - Introduction:
NGOs between
States,
Markets, and
Civil Society:
- Nongovernmenta
l
Organizations,
Micro-Credit,
and
Empowerment of
Women: Empowerment of
women by means
of
micro-credit-b
ased income
generation
programs is a
new orthodoxy
in the
development
discourse. The
first part of
the article
appraises this
phenomenon in
a broader
historical
context. It
shows how
women's
interests are
being subsumed
by and
subordinated
to the
priorities of
mainstream
development in
ways
detrimental to
the radical
aspirations of
the NGOs'
empowerment
project. The
second part is
a critical
evaluation of
the current
approaches
used in
studies on
micro-credit
and
empowerment.
These studies
have mostly
focused on the
final outcomes
of
micro-enterpri
ses rather
than the
process
through which
they are
achieved. The
third part,
based on field
research in
Bangladesh,
demonstrates
that the
widely
documented
successes of
micro-enterpri
ses are a
result of the
activities of
the very
institutions
that are
considered to
be oppressive
to women. In
this process,
NGOs
contribute to
further
legitimization
of the same
institutions
that their
micro-enterpri
ses desire to
transform.
- Corporate
Social
Responsibility
, Public
Policy, and
NGO Activism
in Europe and
the United
States: An
Institutional-
Stakeholder
Perspective: Journal of
Management
Studies, Vol.
43, No. 1.
(January
2006), pp.
47-73.
Source: Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1. (January 2006), pp. 47-73. - The missionary
position: NGOs
and
development in
Africa: International
Affairs, Vol.
78, No. 3.
(2002), pp.
567-583.This
article traces
the evolution
of development
non-government
al
organizations
(NGOs) in
Africa, and
suggests that
their role
represents a
continuation
of the work of
their
precursors,
the
missionaries
and voluntary
organizations
that
cooperated in
Europe?s
colonization
and control of
Africa. The
authors
maintain that
the work of
the NGOs today
contributes
marginally to
the relief of
poverty in
Africa, and
significantly
undermines the
struggle of
the African
people to
emancipate
themselves
from economic,
social and
political
oppression.
Development
NGOs have,
unwittingly or
otherwise,
become a part
of the
neo-liberal
system that
has resulted
in widespread
impoverishment
and the loss
of the
authority of
African states
to determine
their own
agenda. NGOs
could, and
some do, play
a role in
supporting an
emancipatory
agenda in
Africa, but it
involves
breaking with
the
?missionary
position? by
disengaging
from their
paternalistic
role in
development.
Source: International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 3. (2002), pp. 567-583. - What Is
Globalization?: (26 November
1999)
Source: (26 November 1999) - Cosmopolitanis
m (A Public
Culture Book): (01 June
2002)As the
final
installment of
Public
Culture?s
Millennial
Quartet,
Cosmopolitanis
m assesses the
pasts and
possible
futures of
cosmopolitanis
m?or ways of
thinking,
feeling, and
acting beyond
one?s
particular
society. With
contributions
from
distinguished
scholars in
disciplines
such as
literary
studies, art
history, South
Asian studies,
and
anthropology,
this volume
recenters the
history and
theory of
translocal
political
aspirations
and cultural
ideas from the
usual Western
vantage point
to areas
outside
Europe, such
as South Asia,
China, and
Africa. By
examining new
archives,
proposing new
theoretical
formulations,
and suggesting
new
possibilities
of political
practice, the
contributors
critically
probe the
concept of
cosmopolitanis
m. On the one
hand,
cosmopolitanis
m may be taken
to promise a
form of
supraregional
political
solidarity,
but on the
other, these
essays argue,
it may erode
precisely
those intimate
cultural
differences
that derive
their meaning
from
particular
places and
traditions.
Given that
most
cosmopolitan
political
formations?fro
m the Roman
empire and
European
imperialism to
contemporary
globalization?
have been
coercive and
unequal, can
there be a
noncoercive
and
egalitarian
cosmopolitan
politics?
Finally, the
volume asks
whether
cosmopolitanis
m can promise
any
universalism
that is not
the
unwarranted
generalization
of some
Western
particular.Con
tributors.
Ackbar Abbas,
Arjun
Appadurai,
Homi K.
Bhabha, T. K.
Biaya, Carol
A.
Breckenridge,
Dipesh
Chakrabarty,
Ousame Ndiaye
Dago, Mamadou
Diouf, Wu
Hung, Walter
D. Mignolo,
Sheldon
Pollock,
Steven Randall
Source: (01 June 2002) - The Expediency
of Culture:
Uses of
Culture in the
Global Era
(Post-Contempo
rary
Interventions): (31 March
2004)The
Expediency of
Culture is a
pioneering
theorization
of the
changing role
of culture in
an
increasingly
global world.
George Yúdice
explores
critically how
groups ranging
from
indigenous
activists to
nation-states
to
nongovernmenta
l
organizations
have all come
to see culture
as a valuable
resource to be
invested in,
contested, and
used for
varied
sociopolitical
and economic
ends. Through
a dazzling
series of
illustrative
studies,
Yúdice
challenges the
Gramscian
notion of
cultural
struggle for
hegemony and
develops
instead an
understanding
of culture
where cultural
agency at
every level is
negotiated
within
globalized
contexts
dominated by
the active
management and
administration
of culture. He
describes a
world where
"high" culture
(such as the
Guggenheim
Museum in
Bilbao, Spain)
is a mode of
urban
development,
rituals and
everyday
aesthetic
practices are
mobilized to
promote
tourism and
the heritage
industries,
and mass
culture
industries
comprise
significant
portions of a
number of
countries’
gross national
products.
Yúdice
contends that
a new
international
division of
cultural labor
has emerged,
combining
local
difference
with
transnational
administration
and
investment.
This does not
mean, he
points out,
that today’s
increasingly
transnational
culture—exempl
ified by the
entertainment
industries and
the so-called
global civil
society of
nongovernmenta
l
organizations—
is necessarily
homogenized.
He
demonstrates
that national
and regional
differences
are still
functional,
shaping the
meaning of
phenomena from
pop songs to
antiracist
activism.
Yúdice
considers a
range of sites
where identity
politics and
cultural
agency are
negotiated in
the face of
powerful
transnational
forces. He
analyzes
appropriations
of American
funk music as
well as a
citizen action
initiative in
Rio de Janeiro
to show how
global notions
such as
cultural
difference are
deployed
within
specific
social fields.
He provides a
political and
cultural
economy of a
vast and
increasingly
influential
art event—
inSite, a
triennial
festival
extending from
San Diego to
Tijuana. He
also reflects
on Miami as
one of a
number of
transnational
"cultural
corridors" and
on the uses of
culture in an
unstable world
where
censorship and
terrorist acts
interrupt the
usual channels
of capitalist
and artistic
flows.
Source: (31 March 2004)
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